Your Digest for Sunday, Mar 24, 2024 07:04 PM


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Causes of hemidiaphragmatic elevation

[!INFO] From radiopaedia
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The fibers transmitting visual information from the superior retina remain superior in the chiasm; those from the inferior retina remain inferiorly situated. Approximately 90% of chiasmal fibers originate from the macula, and, of these, those that cross lie superiorly and posteriorly within the chiasm.
Source
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Source


Q 7: Craniopharyngioma

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  1. CRH stimulation test - differentiates Cushing's disease from all other causes of hypercortisolism


Folate and B12 metabolism

[[DNAFolateB12Deficiency.png]]
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Source

[!INFO] Key points:

  1. The synthesis of methionine from homocysteine is catalyzed by methionine synthase, an enzyme that requires not only folate (as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) but also vitamin B12.
  2. 3 vitamins are interlinked : B12, B9 and B6
  3. Thus, the concentration of homocysteine in the blood is regulated by three B-vitamins: folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6

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| Folate | B12 |
| :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------: |
| green leaves (mnemonic: folate = foliage) | Animal sources |
| 4 months of stores | 2 years of stores |
| large percentage destroyed in cooking | Only little destroyed in cooking |
| Absorption is mainly in the duodenum and jejunum Source | Terminal ileum by receptor mediated endocytosis. Source |


Presentation

Labs:

Management


Urea is elevated in acute dehydration.
Mechanism: Source

[!INFO] Shortcuts


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Side effects of Erythropoietin treatment:

There are a number of reasons why patients may fail to respond to erythropoietin therapy:



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[!INFO] Mnemonic:
Poor penetration : BAT CAVE (deep dark corners = poor penetrance)
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Cephalosporins:



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#2021BSQ-NOV/Q54
Aporecaeruloplasmin + 6 Cu atoms = ceruloplasmin (the major circulating form of Copper)

Mutations in ATP7B in Wilson disease impairs both the incorporation of copper into apoceruloplasmin and the excretion of copper into bile.

[!TIP] Eyes and basal ganglia and of course liver


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Source
Foscarnet and cidofovir are toxic.

Source

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See [[Anaemia#Folate and B12 metabolism]]
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